1️⃣ First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

Statement:

An object at rest stays at rest, continues moving with the same speed and direction unless an external force acts on it.

Explanation:

• Objects do not change their state of motion by themselves. A force is needed to start moving, stop moving, or change direction.

• Inertia:

• The tendency of an object to resist any change in its state of motion is called inertia.

• Examples:

• A book on a table stays at rest until someone pushes it.

• When a bus suddenly stops, passengers move forward because their bodies continue moving due to inertia.

• If you pull a card quickly from under a coin, the coin falls straight down into the glass because it tends to stay at rest.

2️⃣ Second Law of Motion

Statement:

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.

Where:

1. F = Force (Newton, N)

2. m = Mass (kg)

3. a = Acceleration (m/s²)

Explanation:

If the force increases, acceleration increases.

If the mass increases, acceleration decreases.

Examples:

It is easier to push a bicycle than a car because the car has more mass.

A football moves faster when kicked harder because more force is applied.

A loaded truck accelerates slowly compared to an empty truck.

3️⃣ Third Law of Motion

Statement:

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Explanation:

Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction.

Examples:

When you jump from a boat, the boat moves backward.

Walking: Your foot pushes the ground backward, and the ground pushes you forward.

Rocket launch: The rocket pushes gases downward, and the gases push the rocket upward.