Process Management Notes – Process States, PCB, Scheduling Queues & Threads

This unit covers process fundamentals — process states, memory layout, and the Process Control Block (PCB) with all its sections explained. It details scheduling queues, the three scheduler types, and Context Switching with a timeline diagram. Inter-Process Communication is covered via Shared Memory and Message Passing. The notes then explain Threads, Process vs Thread differences, User-Level vs Kernel-Level threads, and the three Multithreading Models (One-to-One, Many-to-One, Many-to-Many). A practical section on Linux process commands (ps, kill, wait, sleep, exit, top, nice) with syntax and examples rounds out the unit — useful for both theory and lab exams.