2. 12th Class Biology Notes _ Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants- ( पुष्पी पौधों में लैंगिक प्रजनन )

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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants is an important chapter in Biology that explains how flowering plants reproduce through the formation and fusion of male and female gametes. The flower is the main reproductive structure of angiosperms. It contains male reproductive organs called stamens and female reproductive organs called carpels or pistils.

The stamen consists of an anther and filament. The anther produces pollen grains, which contain the male gametes. The female reproductive part consists of stigma, style, and ovary. The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination. It may occur through self-pollination or cross-pollination. After pollination, the pollen grain germinates on the stigma and forms a pollen tube that grows towards the ovule.

A unique feature of flowering plants is double fertilization. One male gamete fuses with the egg to form the zygote, while the other fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary develops into a fruit.

Thus, sexual reproduction in flowering plants plays an essential role in the formation of seeds, production of new plants, and maintenance of genetic variation.