Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (Lipogenesis): Complete Biochemistry Notes & Regulation

Master Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (De Novo Lipogenesis) with these high-yield, perfectly structured biochemistry revision notes.

What this study guide includes:

• Core Concepts & Purpose: Understanding how the body converts excess dietary carbohydrates and calories into stored fatty acids (mainly Palmitic Acid).

• Cellular & Tissue Localization: Occurs primarily in the liver, adipose tissue, and lactating mammary glands, localized inside the Cytosol.

• Transfer of Acetyl-CoA (The Citrate Shuttle): How Acetyl-CoA moves from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol using the Citrate-Malate shuttle.

• The Rate-Limiting Step: Detailed look at the conversion of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by the enzyme Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), including its requirements for Biotin, ATP, and CO2.

• The Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) Multi-Enzyme Complex: Step-by-step mechanism of the dimer complex, focusing on the Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) and the recurring 4-step sequence:

1. Condensation

2. Reduction (Requires NADPH)

3. Dehydration

4. Reduction (Requires NADPH)

• Energetics & Reductive Requirements: Breakdown of the total Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, and NADPH molecules consumed to synthesize one molecule of Palmitate (16-carbon).

• Metabolic Regulation: Hormonal control by Insulin (activator) vs. Glucagon/Epinephrine (inhibitors), along with allosteric regulation by Citrate and Palmitoyl-CoA.

Perfect for MBBS, BDS, Pharmacy, B.Sc. Biochemistry, and competitive medical exam preparation!