Light – Reflection and Refraction

Light is a form of energy that enables us to see the world around us. These chapter notes cover two primary phenomena: reflection, where light bounces off surfaces following specific laws (i = r), and refraction, the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed. You will study how spherical mirrors (concave and convex) and lenses form different types of images—real, virtual, inverted, or erect. Key tools for solving numerical problems include the mirror formula, lens formula, and understanding magnification and the refractive index.